Tech Forum – Daily Safety & Maintenance Tips for Vacuum Excavators
Vacuum excavators have earned the reputation of being a safe alternative to traditional methods of exposing buried utilities in the underground construction industry. Consistent execution of maintenance tasks is key to achieving optimal production.
Understanding and adhering to these safety measures and practices is crucial during both jobsite operations and travel, as detailed in the following sections.
Operation and Travel Safety
Since vacuum excavators can be used in a range of applications and environments, it is important to understand and follow all applicable OSHA and/or any state or local regulations.
• PPE usage: PPE varies based on the system (air or hydro) and environment. Operators need to wear appropriate boots, eye protection, gloves, a hard hat, ear plugs and reflective clothing. Loose clothing should never be worn near a suction hose and long hair should always be pulled back.
• Awareness of surroundings: Inspect jobsites for utilities and obstacles. Use safety cones and signage near roads or sidewalks and secure open holes when not in use.
• Maintain a safe distance: Stay away from the rear of the machine when the tank door is open and from open holes. Keep limbs away from water or air wand and vacuum hose nozzle.
• Pressure control: Avoid excess pressure with hydro or air vacuums to prevent utility line damage.
• Legal compliance: Understand and follow all DOT load restrictions and have the appropriate permits and licenses for your vacuum excavator.
• Cleanliness and organization: Keep vehicles clean and well-organized. Secure all items to prevent them from becoming projectiles during travel.
• Trailer hookups: Check trailer lights and confirm the trailer is secured to the truck before leaving a job. Cross and attach safety chains under the hitch.
• Obstacle check: Maintain a safe distance from pits and electrical lines when dumping.
Daily Maintenance
Maintenance items crewmembers should perform these steps throughout the workday, taking as little as 15 minutes.
• Check fluid levels: Regularly checking fluid levels is a good habit to establish and can help identify potential issues before they become major problems. Frequent or significant fluid loss can indicate mechanical issues or leaks so be sure to keep track of how much and how often fluid is being added. Here are the fluids that should be checked each morning.
- Engine oil
- Engine coolant
- Hydraulic oil
- Blower oil
- Water pump oil
• Pay attention to vacuum gauges: Operators should pay attention to their vacuum levels to get the very best suction performance throughout the day. High levels when not under load could indicate a dirty filter, hose malfunction or full spoil tank.
• Clean the air filter regularly: At the end of each day, check the condition of the vacuum excavator’s air filter. Dirty filters should be washed out and given enough time to dry before being reinserted. It’s also a good idea to keep an extra filter on hand so they can be rotated in challenging environments or applications.
• Clean hoses and tank: After the vacuum has been operated all day, it’s always a good idea to spray out the hose and clean the tank before leaving for the day or shutting down for the weekend. Dry, caked-on material can reduce the system’s suction power.
High-pressure water tools should not be used on the hose as this could cause damage. The onboard tank washout is an excellent resource for preventing material from adhering too strongly, but it’s essential to periodically verify the condition of the seals around the tank. Dirt and mud should be removed from the vacuum’s water/air tools every day and any blocked nozzles should be cleared.
• Greasing: The vacuum system has several grease points that should be attended to regularly. The operator’s manual provides a complete list. It is generally advisable to apply grease at the end of the day when the bearings are warm and more receptive to grease.
• Road readiness: Whether pulling a vacuum trailer or driving a truck, it’s essential to ensure all tires are properly inflated and all lights are functional.
• Manufacturer-recommended preventative maintenance: The vacuum excavator’s operator’s manual outlines the recommended preventative maintenance service intervals. Adhering to these recommended service intervals with diligence can help maximize the machine’s lifespan.
Maximizing Digging Efficiency
By adhering to these safety protocols and maintenance routines, contractors can maintain the longevity of their equipment and enhance productivity, leading to successful project outcomes.
TJ Steele is product manager at Vermeer MV Solutions.